ISO 3376-1976: specifies the method for determining the tensile strength and elongation of leather, applicable to various leather products such as shoes, bags, clothing, etc.

GB/T 1040.1-2006: covers the determination of parameters such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation, used to evaluate material strength and durability.

ISO 3377-2:2016: Tear testing using specimens with specified shaped holes, recording maximum tear force and calculating strength values, applicable to all types of leather.

Bilateral tear test: Apply tension on a rectangular specimen (with a middle opening) and record the maximum force value during the tearing process.

Using a peel strength tester, measure the peel strength of the coating or bonding part, with a testing speed typically of 200 mm/min (for difficult to pull materials, it can be adjusted to 50 mm/min).

Tensile strength: The stress value of a material under maximum tensile force.

Elongation: including specified load elongation (E1), grain layer elongation (E2), fracture elongation (E3), and permanent elongation (E4), which need to be calculated in combination with tensile strength and displacement.

Tensile modulus: Reflects the strain response of a material under tension.

Unilateral tearing: Tear from the incision of the rectangular specimen and record the average tearing force.

Bilateral tearing: Test the maximum tearing force through standard specimen holes.

Cut according to standard dimensions, with the long axis parallel or perpendicular to the direction of the leather backbone, and thickness measurement based on ISO 2589 35.

Environmental regulation: The sample needs to be parked in the laboratory environment for more than 8 hours to ensure stable insulation and humidity.

When using a tensile testing machine, it is necessary to calibrate the weighing sensor and maintain a constant separation speed of the fixture (such as 100-200 mm/min).

During the experiment, it is necessary to record the maximum force value and ensure that the sample is clamped vertically to avoid deviation.

The peel strength needs to be taken as the average of the minimum force values between the marked points and divided by the width of the specimen.

The tensile strength and elongation should be recorded synchronously at the time of sample fracture.

Footwear: QB/T 1873-2010 (leather upper), QB/T 2001-1994 (leather sole).

Furniture and Automotive Interior: GB/T 16799-2008 (Leather for Furniture), QB/T 2703-2005 (Leather for Automotive Decoration).

Clothing and Accessories: QB/T 1872-2004 (Leather for Clothing), QB/T 2704-2005 (Leather for Gloves).

The testing of static water absorption and coating adhesion strength is based on standards such as GB/T 4689.20-1996 and GB/T 8948-1994.

5、 Summary

The leather tensile test standards cover multiple dimensions such as tension, tearing, and peeling, and require specific operations to be carried out in conjunction with ISO, ASTM, and national standards (such as GB/T, QB/T). During the experimental process, it is necessary to strictly follow the requirements for sample preparation, equipment calibration, and data recording to ensure the accuracy and comparability of the results.

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